(Mandarin_(Erhua)_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)=
# Mandarin (Erhua) MFA dictionary v2.0.0

``````{dictionary} Mandarin (Erhua) MFA dictionary v2.0.0
:id: "Mandarin (Erhua) MFA dictionary v2_0_0"
:tags: Mandarin;MFA;IPA
:language: "Mandarin"
:dialect: Erhua
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/mandarin/erhua_mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```



``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/mandarin/erhua_mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 6902
        * Examples
          * 所罗门群岛: [s w o˨˩˦ l w o˧˥ m ə˧˥ n tɕʰ y˧˥ n t aw˨˩˦]
          * 凯门鳄: [kʰ aj˨˩˦ m ə˧˥ n ʔ o˥˩]
          * 莫干山: [m w o˥˩ k a˥˥ n ʂ a˥˥ n]
          * 闺中密友: [k w ej˥˥ ʈʂ u˥˥ ŋ m i˥˩ j ow˨˩˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 37000
        * Examples
          * 腮腺炎: [s aj˥˥ ɕ j e˥˩ n j e˧˥ n]
          * 纳斐塔里: [n a˥˩ f ej˨˩˦ tʰ a˨˩˦ l i˨˩˦]
          * 手电筒: [ʂ ow˨˩˦ t j e˥˩ n tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 外兴安岭: [w aj˥˩ ɕ i˥˥ ŋ ʔ a˥˥ n l i˨˩˦ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 28701
        * Examples
          * 子宫颈: [ts z̩˨˩˦ k u˥˥ ŋ tɕ i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 手电筒: [ʂ ow˨˩˦ t j e˥˩ n tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 宫古岛: [k u˥˥ ŋ k u˨˩˦ t aw˨˩˦]
          * 草头黄: [tsʰ aw˨˩˦ tʰ ow˧˥ x w a˧˥ ŋ]
      * ŋ̍
        * Occurrences: 2
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 8933
        * Examples
          * 便利贴: [p j e˥˩ n l i˥˩ tʰ j e˥˥]
          * 货币主义: [x w o˥˩ p i˥˩ ʈʂ u˨˩˦ i˥˩]
          * 巴拿语: [p a˥˥ n a˧˥ y˨˩˦]
          * 古尔邦节: [k u˨˩˦ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ p a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 10558
        * Examples
          * 手电筒: [ʂ ow˨˩˦ t j e˥˩ n tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 宫古岛: [k u˥˥ ŋ k u˨˩˦ t aw˨˩˦]
          * 抗毒素: [kʰ a˥˩ ŋ t u˧˥ s u˥˩]
          * 所罗门群岛: [s w o˨˩˦ l w o˧˥ m ə˧˥ n tɕʰ y˧˥ n t aw˨˩˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 7874
        * Examples
          * 子宫颈: [ts z̩˨˩˦ k u˥˥ ŋ tɕ i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 宫古岛: [k u˥˥ ŋ k u˨˩˦ t aw˨˩˦]
          * 古尔邦节: [k u˨˩˦ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ p a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
          * 感染群: [k a˨˩˦ n ʐ a˨˩˦ n tɕʰ y˧˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 3191
        * Examples
          * 玉尔其: [y˥˩ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ tɕʰ i˧˥]
          * 外兴安岭: [w aj˥˩ ɕ i˥˥ ŋ ʔ a˥˥ n l i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 叶尔羌河: [j e˥˩ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ tɕʰ j a˥˥ ŋ x o˧˥]
          * 古尔邦节: [k u˨˩˦ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ p a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ts
        * Occurrences: 4735
        * Examples
          * 子宫颈: [ts z̩˨˩˦ k u˥˥ ŋ tɕ i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 董教总: [t u˨˩˦ ŋ tɕ j aw˥˩ ts u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 森林火灾: [s ə˥˥ n l i˧˥ n x w o˨˩˦ ts aj˥˥]
          * 报贩子: [p aw˥˩ f a˥˩ n ts z̩˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʈʂ
        * Occurrences: 8793
        * Examples
          * 海玉竹: [x aj˨˩˦ y˥˩ ʈʂ u˧˥]
          * 伏龙芝: [f u˧˥ l u˧˥ ŋ ʈʂ ʐ̩˥˥]
          * 李富庄: [l i˨˩˦ f u˥˩ ʈʂ w a˥˥ ŋ]
          * 货币主义: [x w o˥˩ p i˥˩ ʈʂ u˨˩˦ i˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 12555
        * Examples
          * 子宫颈: [ts z̩˨˩˦ k u˥˥ ŋ tɕ i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 持械抢劫: [ʈʂʰ ʐ̩˧˥ ɕ j e˥˩ tɕʰ j a˨˩˦ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
          * 古尔邦节: [k u˨˩˦ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ p a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
          * 董教总: [t u˨˩˦ ŋ tɕ j aw˥˩ ts u˨˩˦ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 4501
        * Examples
          * 腮腺炎: [s aj˥˥ ɕ j e˥˩ n j e˧˥ n]
          * 抗毒素: [kʰ a˥˩ ŋ t u˧˥ s u˥˩]
          * 所罗门群岛: [s w o˨˩˦ l w o˧˥ m ə˧˥ n tɕʰ y˧˥ n t aw˨˩˦]
          * 星期四: [ɕ i˥˥ ŋ tɕʰ i˥˥ s z̩˥˩]
    * voiced
      * z̩
        * Occurrences: 3912
        * Examples
          * 星期四: [ɕ i˥˥ ŋ tɕʰ i˥˥ s z̩˥˩]
          * 马驹子: [m a˨˩˦ tɕ y˥˥ ts z̩˨]
          * 勃拉姆斯: [p w o˧˥ l a˥˥ m u˨˩˦ s z̩˥˥]
          * 电子贝斯: [t j e˥˩ n ts z̩˨˩˦ p ej˥˩ s z̩˥˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʂ
        * Occurrences: 11448
        * Examples
          * 手电筒: [ʂ ow˨˩˦ t j e˥˩ n tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 传达室: [ʈʂʰ w a˧˥ n t a˧˥ ʂ ʐ̩˨˩˦]
          * 商业区: [ʂ a˥˥ ŋ j e˥˩ tɕʰ y˥˥]
          * 顾俊沙: [k u˥˩ tɕ y˥˩ n ʂ a˥˥]
    * voiced
      * ʐ
        * Occurrences: 2592
        * Examples
          * 萨拉热窝: [s a˥˩ l a˥˥ ʐ o˥˩ w o˥˥]
          * 人行道: [ʐ ə˧˥ n ɕ i˧˥ ŋ t aw˥˩]
          * 感染群: [k a˨˩˦ n ʐ a˨˩˦ n tɕʰ y˧˥ n]
          * 碎肉器: [s w ej˥˩ ʐ ow˥˩ tɕʰ i˥˩]
      * ʐ̩
        * Occurrences: 6404
        * Examples
          * 小市民: [ɕ j aw˨˩˦ ʂ ʐ̩˥˩ m i˧˥ n]
          * 百年国耻: [p aj˨˩˦ n j e˧˥ n k w o˧˥ ʈʂʰ ʐ̩˨˩˦]
          * 伏龙芝: [f u˧˥ l u˧˥ ŋ ʈʂ ʐ̩˥˥]
          * 胆结石: [t a˨˩˦ n tɕ j e˧˥ ʂ ʐ̩˧˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ɕ
        * Occurrences: 10545
        * Examples
          * 腮腺炎: [s aj˥˥ ɕ j e˥˩ n j e˧˥ n]
          * 外兴安岭: [w aj˥˩ ɕ i˥˥ ŋ ʔ a˥˥ n l i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 持械抢劫: [ʈʂʰ ʐ̩˧˥ ɕ j e˥˩ tɕʰ j a˨˩˦ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
          * 星期四: [ɕ i˥˥ ŋ tɕʰ i˥˥ s z̩˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 5538
        * Examples
          * 纳斐塔里: [n a˥˩ f ej˨˩˦ tʰ a˨˩˦ l i˨˩˦]
          * 伏龙芝: [f u˧˥ l u˧˥ ŋ ʈʂ ʐ̩˥˥]
          * 李富庄: [l i˨˩˦ f u˥˩ ʈʂ w a˥˥ ŋ]
          * 报贩子: [p aw˥˩ f a˥˩ n ts z̩˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 21299
        * Examples
          * 草头黄: [tsʰ aw˨˩˦ tʰ ow˧˥ x w a˧˥ ŋ]
          * 外兴安岭: [w aj˥˩ ɕ i˥˥ ŋ ʔ a˥˥ n l i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 李富庄: [l i˨˩˦ f u˥˩ ʈʂ w a˥˥ ŋ]
          * 冤枉路: [ɥ e˥˥ n w a˨ ŋ l u˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɻ
        * Occurrences: 3579
        * Examples
          * 玉尔其: [y˥˩ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ tɕʰ i˧˥]
          * 叶尔羌河: [j e˥˩ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ tɕʰ j a˥˥ ŋ x o˧˥]
          * 古尔邦节: [k u˨˩˦ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ p a˥˥ ŋ tɕ j e˧˥]
          * 小姑儿: [ɕ j aw˨˩˦ k u˥˥ ɻ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 25985
        * Examples
          * 腮腺炎: [s aj˥˥ ɕ j e˥˩ n j e˧˥ n]
          * 手电筒: [ʂ ow˨˩˦ t j e˥˩ n tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 便利贴: [p j e˥˩ n l i˥˩ tʰ j e˥˥]
          * 叶尔羌河: [j e˥˩ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ tɕʰ j a˥˥ ŋ x o˧˥]
      * ɥ
        * Occurrences: 4109
        * Examples
          * 冤枉路: [ɥ e˥˥ n w a˨ ŋ l u˥˩]
          * 古文字学: [k u˨˩˦ w ə˧˥ n ts z̩˥˩ ɕ ɥ e˧˥]
          * 古元古代: [k u˨˩˦ ɥ e˧˥ n k u˨˩˦ t aj˥˩]
          * 语言学家: [y˨˩˦ j e˧˥ n ɕ ɥ e˧˥ tɕ j a˥˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 11057
        * Examples
          * 纳斐塔里: [n a˥˩ f ej˨˩˦ tʰ a˨˩˦ l i˨˩˦]
          * 伏龙芝: [f u˧˥ l u˧˥ ŋ ʈʂ ʐ̩˥˥]
          * 外兴安岭: [w aj˥˩ ɕ i˥˥ ŋ ʔ a˥˥ n l i˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * 李富庄: [l i˨˩˦ f u˥˩ ʈʂ w a˥˥ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 26672
        * Examples
          * 腓立比书: [f ej˧˥ l i˥˩ p i˨˩˦ ʂ u˥˥]
          * 李富庄: [l i˨˩˦ f u˥˩ ʈʂ w a˥˥ ŋ]
          * 没有关系: [m ej˧˥ j ow˨˩˦ k w a˥˥ n ɕ i˨]
          * 势利眼: [ʂ ʐ̩˥˩ l i˩ j a˨˩˦ ɻ]
    * rounded
      * y
        * Occurrences: 5463
        * Examples
          * 愉景湾: [y˧˥ tɕ i˨˩˦ ŋ w a˥˥ n]
          * 古典藏语: [k u˨˩˦ t j e˨˩˦ n ts a˥˩ ŋ y˨˩˦]
          * 文昌帝君: [w ə˧˥ n ʈʂʰ a˥˥ ŋ t i˥˩ tɕ y˥˥ n]
          * 姪女婿: [ʈʂ ʐ̩˧˥ n y˨˩˦ ɕ y˦]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 21271
        * Examples
          * 只不过: [ʈʂ ʐ̩˨˩˦ p u˦ k w o˥˩]
          * 胡椒瓶: [x u˧˥ tɕ j aw˥˥ pʰ i˧˥ ŋ]
          * 恨不能: [x ə˥˩ n p u˩ n o˧˥ ŋ]
          * 表姐夫: [p j aw˨˩˦ tɕ j e˨˩˦ f u˦]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 15113
        * Examples
          * 老爷爷: [l aw˨˩˦ j e˧˥ j e˨]
          * 新约全书: [ɕ i˥˥ n ɥ e˥˥ tɕʰ ɥ e˧˥ n ʂ u˥˥]
          * 新姑爷: [ɕ i˥˥ n k u˥˥ j e˨]
          * 野战医院: [j e˨˩˦ ʈʂ a˥˩ n i˥˥ ɥ e˥˩ n]
      * ej
        * Occurrences: 7254
        * Examples
          * 回回教: [x w ej˧˥ x w ej˨ tɕ j aw˥˩]
          * 纳斐塔里: [n a˥˩ f ej˨˩˦ tʰ a˨˩˦ l i˨˩˦]
          * 碎肉器: [s w ej˥˩ ʐ ow˥˩ tɕʰ i˥˩]
          * 未央宫: [w ej˥˩ j a˥˥ ŋ k u˥˥ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 18898
        * Examples
          * 没见过世面: [m ej˧˥ tɕ j e˥˩ n k w o˩ ʂ ʐ̩˥˩ m j e˥˩ n]
          * 救生队: [tɕ j ow˥˩ ʂ o˥˥ ŋ t w ej˥˩]
          * 夫妻老婆店: [f u˥˥ tɕʰ i˥˥ l aw˨˩˦ pʰ w o˦ t j e˥˩ n]
          * 小老婆: [ɕ j aw˨˩˦ l aw˨˩˦ pʰ w o˦]
      * ow
        * Occurrences: 7767
        * Examples
          * 草头黄: [tsʰ aw˨˩˦ tʰ ow˧˥ x w a˧˥ ŋ]
          * 西贝柳斯: [ɕ i˥˥ p ej˥˩ l j ow˨˩˦ s z̩˥˥]
          * 奶油包: [n aj˨˩˦ j ow˧˥ p aw˥˥]
          * 手电筒: [ʂ ow˨˩˦ t j e˥˩ n tʰ u˨˩˦ ŋ]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 7146
        * Examples
          * 意味着: [i˥˩ w ej˥˩ ʈʂ ə˩]
          * 混混儿: [x w ə˥˩ n x w ə˩ ɻ]
          * 放得开: [f a˥˩ ŋ t ə˩ kʰ aj˥˥]
          * 凯门鳄: [kʰ aj˨˩˦ m ə˧˥ n ʔ o˥˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 34421
        * Examples
          * 哈利路亚: [x a˥˥ l i˥˩ l u˥˩ j a˨˩˦]
          * 大姑娘: [t a˥˩ k u˥˥ n j a˨ ŋ]
          * 叶尔羌河: [j e˥˩ ʔ o˨˩˦ ɻ tɕʰ j a˥˥ ŋ x o˧˥]
          * 指甲钳: [ʈʂ ʐ̩˨˩˦ tɕ j a˦ tɕʰ j e˧˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`aj`
* {ipa_inline}`aw`
* {ipa_inline}`ej`
* {ipa_inline}`ow`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˥˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˥˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˧˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˩`